\u4e3a\u4e86\u5229\u7528OpenMP\u6765\u52a0\u901fC\/Fortran\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e9b\u9605\u8bfbOpenMP API Version 3.0 Specification (May 2008)\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2dOpenMP\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u5305\u62ec \u6458\u8981\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3001\u53c2\u8003 \u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6458\u8981 \uff08\u6309\u7167Specification\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n \uff081\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u662fGlossary\uff0c \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5404\u79cdOpenMP\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff08terms\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aconstruct, directive, clause, task, tied task … \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd4\u56de\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u662fsentinel\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662fFortran\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528OpenMP\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u548cC\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n \uff082\uff092.2\uff1a \u00a0_OPEN \u8fd9\u4e2amacro \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210yyyymm\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u793aOpenMP API\u7684\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n \uff083\uff09 parallel construct\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7d27\u6328\u7740\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5parallel\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u7528#pragma omp parallel \u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9047\u5230parallel construct\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e2a\u6570\u7684threads\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2ateam\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210work\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2athreads\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u80032.4.1\u4e2d\u51b3\u5b9athreads number\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5f53parallel\u91cc\u4e00\u4e2athread\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684threads\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ed3\u675f \uff08If execution of a thread terminates while inside a parallel region, execution of all\u00a0threads in all teams terminates.\u00a0If execution of a thread terminates while inside a parallel region, execution of allthreads in all teams terminates.\uff09<\/p>\n \uff084\uff09 worksharing construct\uff1a\u67094\u7c7b\uff1aloop\uff1bsections constructs;single construct\uff1bworkshare construct<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8eworksharing loop construct\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u67095\u79cdscheduling\uff0c\u5373\u5b89\u6392\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002static\uff08\u9759\u6001\u5206\u914d\uff09, dynamic\uff08\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2athread\u52a8\u6001\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2achunk of iterations\uff09, guided\uff08execution thread\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6threads\u5206\u914dchunks\uff09, auto\uff08\u6839\u636ecompiler\u548csystem\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09, runtime\uff08\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09\u30022.5.1.1\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9ascheduling\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe<\/p>\n \u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n loop\uff1a\u5728C\u4e2d\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u4e00\u4e2afor\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n section\uff1a\u4e0eloop\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u662ffor\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662fstructure block\u5c31\u884c<\/p>\n single\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2athread\u6267\u884c\uff08\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662fmaster thread\uff09<\/p>\n worshare\uff1a\u53ea\u6709Fortran\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u628astructure block\u5206\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4efd\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2athread\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n \uff085\uff092.6\u8282\u8bb2\u4e86\u7ed3\u5408parallel construct \u548cworksharing construct\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2aconstruct\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7528\u3002\u7136\u540e\u52063\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86parallel loop construct \uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eloop construct \u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u7528parallel construct\uff09\uff0cparallel section construct\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8esection construct \u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u7528parallel construct\uff09\u548cparallel workshare construct\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eworshare construct \u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u7528parallel construct\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n \uff086\uff092.7\u8282\u662ftask construct\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2atask\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2athread\u78b0\u5230task construct\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2atask\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167data-share attribute\u7684\u6307\u793a\u51c6\u5907\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u73af\u5883\uff08data environment\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2atask\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7acb\u523b\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ef6\u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n \u6ce8\u610f\u5f53task construct\u5e26\u6709if clause \uff08if \u4ece\u53e5\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684 thread\u4f1a\u6682\u505c\uff08suspend\uff09\u5f53\u524d\u7684task\uff0c\u5e76\u5207\u6362\u5230\u521a\u521a\u751f\u6210\u7684task\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684if clause\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8etask construct\u540e\u7684structure block\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u578b\u7684\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u503c\uff0c\u662f\u4f20\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684task\u662ftied task \uff08\u8fd9\u4e2atask\u88ab\u67d0\u4e2athread suspend\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2athread\u6765resume\uff09<\/p>\n task scheduling point \u662f\u6307\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8task\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u88absuspended\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u662ftask \u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5305\u62ectask construct\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1btaskwait construct\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1b\u9047\u5230barrier directive\uff1b\u9690\u542b\u7684barrier \u533a\u57df\uff1b \u5728tied task region\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n \uff087\uff092.8\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86master and synchronization constructs\uff0c\u5305\u62ecmaster constructs\uff08\u53ea\u6709master thread\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\uff09, critical constructs\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2athread\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9critical constructs\u8d77\u540d\u5b57\uff09, barrier constructs\uff08\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684barrier\uff0c\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728parallel region\u7684explicit tasks\u5fc5\u987b\u5728barrier\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u3002\uff09, taskwait constructs\uff08\u7b49\u5f85\u5f53\u524dtask\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff09, atomic constructs\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6ce8\uff1a\u53ea\u652f\u6301+,-,*,\/,++,–,|, &,+=,-=,*=\u7b49\u7b80\u5355\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u6b65\uff09, flush constructs\uff08\u4fdd\u8bc1thread view\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548cmemory\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u9700\u8003\u8651\u4e0d\u540cthread\u6267\u884cflush\u7684order\uff0c\u89c174\u9875\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\uff09, ordered constructs\uff08\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6309\u7167loop region\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u8fd0\u884cthread\uff09.<\/p>\n \uff088\uff092.9\u8282\u662fData Environment\u6570\u636e\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5373\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u4e0d\u540cthread\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n construct\u91cc\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u5c5e\u6027\uff08Data-sharing Attribute\uff09\uff1a\u63d0\u524d\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff08private\uff1a\u7528threadpriviate\u58f0\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u5728construct\u91cc\u58f0\u660e\u7684\uff0cfor construct\u91cc\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\uff1bshared\uff1a\u5728heap\u4e0a\u7684\uff0cstatic\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u5728construct\u4e0a\u6307\u660e\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u9690\u793a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff08default clause\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679cdefault clause\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982parallel construct\u4e2d\u662fshared\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u89c4\u5219\u89c179\u9875\uff09\u3002\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u9690\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c192\u9875\u3002 \uff08\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u5c5e\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u590d\u6742\u5230\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u5199\u7684\u592a\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\uff01\uff09<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u5728construct\u91cc\u800c\u662f\u5728region\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u5c5e\u6027\uff08Data-sharing Attribute\uff09\uff0c\u89c12.9.1.1<\/p>\n threadprivate\u89c12.9.2<\/p>\n default\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u5c5e\u6027\u89c12.9.3 \u3002\u5305\u62ecshared\uff0c private\uff0cfirstprivate\uff08private\uff0c\u4e14\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u521d\u503c\uff09\uff0clastprivate\uff08private\uff0c\u5728task\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u59cb\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff09\uff0creduction\uff08\u505afunctional programming\u91cc\u7684reduction\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002\u5148\u4f7f\u7528private copy\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u505areduce\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09<\/p>\n \u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u4ece\u53e5\uff08Data Copy Clause\uff09\uff0c\u89c12.9.4<\/p>\n \uff089\uff09\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u91cc\u7684\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n 3.1 \u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5728omp.h\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7528C\u505a\u94fe\u63a5\uff08link\uff09\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n 3.2 \u63a7\u5236\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\/\u53d6\u5f97\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u591a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n 3.3 Lock\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u52a0\u9501\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u7b80\u5355\u9501\uff08simple lock\uff09\u548c\u7ea7\u8054\u9501\uff08nested lock\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5set\u591a\u6b21\uff09<\/p>\n 3.4 \u65f6\u95f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1aomp_get_wtime() \u8fd4\u56dedouble\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4 \u548comp_get_wtick()\u8fd4\u56de1\u79d2\u7b49\u4e8e\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u7684tick<\/p>\n \uff0810\uff09\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u8bb2\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u8c03\u5ea6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08schedule type\uff09OMP_SCHEDULE\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570OMP_NUM_THREADS \uff0c\u6700\u591a\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570OMP_THREAD_LIMIT\u7b49\u7b49<\/p>\n \uff0811\uff09\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6837\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528lock\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7528reduction\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n \u7ecf\u9a8c\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8fd9\u4e2aSpecification\u91cc\u5f88\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u79cdconstruct\u90fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86Summary\uff0cSyntax\uff0cBinding\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff09\uff0c Description\uff0cRestriction\u3002<\/p>\n \u7f51\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u6307\u660eshared variable\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u91cd\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u53ea\u5bf9\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff0c\u628a\u591a\u91cd\u5faa\u73af\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u89c1\u30104\u3011<\/p>\n \u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u30101\u3011OpenMP Specification\u00a0Version 3.0<\/a> Complete Specifications – (May, 2008). (PDF)<\/p>\n \u30102\u3011OpenMP C\/C++ Summary Card\u00a0http:\/\/www.openmp.org\/mp-documents\/OpenMP3.0-SummarySpec.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n \u30103\u3011Wikipedia \uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecdOpenMP\u8bed\u8a00\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u56fe\u5f88\u4e0d\u9519\uff09http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenMP<\/a><\/p>\n \u30104\u3011\u5bf9\u591a\u91cd\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u00a0http:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/drzhouweiming\/archive\/2008\/05\/23\/2472454.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n